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    Background:  

    Adenosine 3, 5-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP; cAMP) is one of the most important intracellular secondary

    messengers for transduction events. cAMP is also involved in regulating neuronal, glandular, cardiovascular, immune,

    and other functions and actions. A number of hormones, such as ACTH, TSH, FSH, and LH, are known to activate 

    cAMP through the action of the enzyme adenylate cyclase, which converts ATP to cAMP. There remains considerable 

    interest in the measurement of intracellular cAMP in tissues and cell cultures, and this may help to provide an 

    understanding of the physiology and pathology of many disease states. Due to the involvement of cAMP in amplifying 

    the response of ligand binding, the second messenger cAMP has been largely employed to monitor the activation 

    of GPCR to facilitate therapeutic drug discovery.